I. Manufar da mahimmancin auna inductance na aiki tare
(1) Manufar Auna Ma'auni na Inductance Daidaitawa (watau Cross-axis Inductance)
Ma'aunin inductance AC da DC sune mafi mahimmancin sigogi biyu a cikin injin maganadisu na dindindin. Madaidaicin sayan su shine buƙatu da tushe don ƙididdige halayen mota, kwaikwaiyo mai ƙarfi da sarrafa saurin gudu. Za a iya amfani da inductance na aiki tare don ƙididdige kaddarorin da suka tsaya tsayin daka kamar su ƙarfin wutar lantarki, inganci, juzu'i, ƙarfin wuta na yanzu, wuta da sauran sigogi. A cikin tsarin sarrafawa na injin maganadisu na dindindin ta amfani da ikon sarrafa vector, sigogin inductor masu daidaitawa suna da hannu kai tsaye a cikin sarrafa algorithm, kuma sakamakon binciken ya nuna cewa a cikin yanki mai rauni mai rauni, rashin daidaituwar sigogin injin na iya haifar da raguwa mai ƙarfi. da iko. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin sigogin inductor na aiki tare.
(2) Matsalolin da za a lura dasu wajen auna inductance na aiki tare
Domin samun babban iko mai yawa, tsarin na dindindin magnetin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa yawanci ana tsara shi don zama mafi hadaddun, kuma da'irar magnetic na motar ta fi cika, wanda ke haifar da siginar inductance na injin ɗin ya bambanta tare da jikewa na injin. da maganadisu. A wasu kalmomi, sigogi za su canza tare da yanayin aiki na motar, gaba ɗaya tare da yanayin aiki da aka ƙididdigewa na ma'auni na inductance na aiki ba zai iya yin daidai da yanayin sigogin motar ba. Don haka, wajibi ne a auna ƙimar inductance a ƙarƙashin yanayin aiki daban-daban.
2.permanent magnet motor synchronous inductance ma'auni hanyoyin
Wannan takarda ta tattara hanyoyi daban-daban na auna inductance na aiki tare da yin cikakken kwatance da bincike akan su. Waɗannan hanyoyin za a iya rarrabe su cikin nau'ikan manyan nau'ikan guda biyu: gwajin saukarwa na kai tsaye kuma gwajin kai tsaye. An ƙara rarrabuwar gwaji a tsaye zuwa gwaji na AC da gwajin tsaye na DC. A yau, kashi na farko na "Hanyoyin Gwajin Inductor na Daidaitawa" zai bayyana hanyar gwajin lodi.
Adabi [1] yana gabatar da ka'idar hanyar ɗaukar nauyi kai tsaye. Ana iya bincikar injinan maganadisu na dindindin ta hanyar amfani da ka'idar amsa sau biyu don tantance aikinsu, kuma ana nuna zane-zanen lokaci na janareta da aikin motar a hoto na 1 na ƙasa. Θ na janareta mai kyau ne tare da e0 wuce u, kusancin factor θ yana da kyau tare da e0 mafi tsayi θ na dutsen yana da tabbatacce tare da U wuce E0, kusurwar factor factor φ yana da inganci tare da U ya wuce I, kuma kusurwar wutar lantarki na ciki ψ yana da kyau tare da na wuce E0.
Hoto na 1 na zane-zane na dindindin na aiki tare da motar maganadisu
(a) Jiha Janareta (b) Jihar Motoci
Bisa ga wannan zane zane za a iya samu: lokacin da m magnet mota load aiki, auna no-load excitation electromotive karfi E0, armature m ƙarfin lantarki U, halin yanzu I, ikon factor kwana φ da ikon kwana θ da sauransu, za a iya samu armature. halin yanzu na madaidaiciyar axis, bangaren giciye Id = Isin (θ - φ) da Iq = Icos (θ - φ), sannan Xd da Xq zasu iya. za a samu daga ma'auni mai zuwa:
Lokacin da janareta ke gudana:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ-IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (1)
Xq=[Usinθ+IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (2)
Lokacin da motar ke gudana:
Xd=[E0-Ucosθ+IR1cos(θ-φ)]/Id (3)
Xq=[Usinθ-IR1sin(θ-φ)]/Iq (4)
Tsayayyen sigogin majingin maganadisu na aiki tare na dindindin suna canzawa yayin da yanayin aikin motar ke canzawa, kuma lokacin da ƙwanƙwasa ya canza, duka Xd da Xq suna canzawa. Sabili da haka, lokacin ƙayyade sigogi, tabbatar da kuma nuna yanayin aiki na motar. (Yawan musanya da kuma kai tsaye shaft halin yanzu ko stator halin yanzu da na ciki ikon factor kusurwa)
Babban wahala lokacin auna ma'aunin inductive ta hanyar ɗaukar nauyi kai tsaye ya ta'allaka ne a auna ma'aunin ikon θ. Kamar yadda muka sani, shine bambance-bambancen kusurwar lokaci tsakanin ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta U da ƙarfin kuzarin motsa jiki. Lokacin da motar ke gudana a tsaye, ana iya samun ƙarfin ƙarshen kai tsaye, amma ba za a iya samun E0 kai tsaye ba, don haka ana iya samun ta ta hanyar kai tsaye don samun sigina na lokaci-lokaci tare da mitar E0 da tsayayyen lokaci don maye gurbin. E0 don yin kwatancen lokaci tare da ƙarshen ƙarfin lantarki.
Hanyoyin gargajiya na kai tsaye sune:
1) a cikin armature Ramin na mota a karkashin gwajin binne farar da mota ta asali nada da dama jũya na lafiya waya a matsayin aunawa nada, domin samun wannan lokaci tare da motor winding karkashin gwajin ƙarfin lantarki kwatanta siginar, ta hanyar kwatanta za a iya samun kusurwar wutar lantarki.
2) Shigar da injin da ke aiki tare akan mashin ɗin motar a ƙarƙashin gwaji wanda yayi daidai da injin ɗin da ake gwadawa. Hanyar auna lokacin wutar lantarki [2], wacce za a bayyana a ƙasa, ta dogara ne akan wannan ka'ida. Ana nuna zanen haɗin gwanin gwaji a Hoto na 2. TSM ita ce injin maganadisu na dindindin da ke aiki tare a ƙarƙashin gwaji, ASM ɗin injin ɗin aiki ɗaya ne wanda kuma ana buƙata, PM shine babban motsi, wanda zai iya zama ko dai injin ɗin aiki tare ko DC. motor, B ne birki, kuma DBO ne dual biam oscilloscope.An haɗa matakan B da C na TSM da ASM zuwa oscilloscope. Lokacin da aka haɗa TSM zuwa wutar lantarki mai matakai uku, oscilloscope yana karɓar sigina VTSM da E0ASM. saboda motocin guda biyu suna kama da juna kuma suna jujjuyawa tare, ba tare da ɗaukar nauyi ba na TSM na mai gwadawa da kuma ƙarfin baya na ASM, wanda ke aiki azaman janareta, E0ASM, yana cikin lokaci. Saboda haka, ikon kusurwa θ, watau, bambancin lokaci tsakanin VTSM da E0ASM za a iya aunawa.
Hoto 2 Hoton gwajin wayoyi don auna kusurwar wuta
Wannan hanyar ba a amfani da ita sosai, musamman saboda: ① a cikin rotor shaft ɗin da aka ɗora ƙaramin motar daidaitawa ko na'ura mai jujjuyawar da ake buƙata don auna injin yana da ƙarshen madaidaicin sanda biyu, wanda galibi yana da wahala a yi. ② Daidaiton ma'aunin kusurwar wutar lantarki ya dogara ne akan babban abun ciki na jituwa na VTSM da E0ASM, kuma idan abun ciki mai jituwa yana da girma, za a rage daidaiton ma'auni.
3) Don haɓaka daidaiton gwajin kusurwar wutar lantarki da sauƙin amfani, yanzu ƙarin amfani da firikwensin matsayi don gano siginar matsayi na rotor, sannan kwatanta lokaci tare da kusancin ƙarfin lantarki na ƙarshe.
Ainihin ka'ida ita ce shigar da faifan hoto mai tsinkaya ko mai nunawa akan shaft ɗin injin ɗin da aka auna madaidaicin magnet ɗin synchronous, adadin ramukan da aka rarraba iri ɗaya akan faifai ko alamomin baƙi da fari da adadin nau'ikan sandunan injin ɗin daidaitawa a ƙarƙashin gwaji. . Lokacin da faifan ya juya juyi ɗaya tare da motar, firikwensin hoto yana karɓar siginonin matsayi na p rotor kuma yana haifar da ƙananan bugun jini. Lokacin da motar ke aiki tare, mitar wannan siginar matsayi na rotor daidai yake da mitar ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta armature, kuma lokacinsa yana nuna lokacin ƙarfin kuzarin motsa jiki. Ana haɓaka siginar bugun jini na aiki tare ta hanyar siffata, canja lokaci da ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfin motsa jiki don kwatanta lokaci don samun bambancin lokaci. Saita lokacin da motar ba ta aiki ba, bambancin lokaci shine θ1 (kimanin cewa a wannan lokacin ƙarfin wutar lantarki θ = 0), lokacin da nauyin ke gudana, bambancin lokaci shine θ2, to, bambancin lokaci θ2 - θ1 shine aunawa. Magnet na dindindin na aiki tare da ƙimar ƙarfin kusurwar motsi. Ana nuna zane-zane a hoto na 3.
Hoto 3 Tsarin tsari na auna kusurwar iko
Kamar yadda a cikin photoelectric faifai uniformly rufi tare da baki da fari alama ne mafi wuya, kuma a lõkacin da auna m maganadisu synchronous motor sandunansu a lokaci guda alama faifai ba zai iya zama na kowa da juna. Domin sauki, kuma za a iya gwada a cikin dindindin maganadisu motor drive shaft nannade a cikin wani da'irar na baki tef, mai rufi da wani farin alama, da nuna photoelectric firikwensin haske fitowar da hasken da aka tattara a cikin wannan da'irar a saman tef. Ta wannan hanyar, kowane juzu'i na motar, firikwensin photoelectric a cikin transistor photosensitive saboda karɓar haske mai haske da gudanarwa sau ɗaya, yana haifar da siginar bugun jini na lantarki, bayan haɓakawa da sifa don samun siginar kwatancen E1. daga gwajin injin armature winding ƙarshen kowane irin ƙarfin lantarki na zamani biyu, ta hanyar wutar lantarki ta PT zuwa ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki, aika zuwa mai kwatanta ƙarfin lantarki, samuwar wakilin lokaci na rectangular na siginar bugun jini U1. U1 ta mitar p-division, kwatancen lokaci don samun kwatance tsakanin lokaci da mai kwatanta lokaci. U1 ta mitar p-division, ta mai kwatanta lokaci don kwatanta bambancin lokaci da sigina.
Rashin gazawar hanyar auna kusurwar wutar lantarki na sama shine cewa ya kamata a yi bambanci tsakanin ma'aunin biyu don samun kusurwar wutar lantarki. Don kauce wa raguwa biyu da aka rage da kuma rage daidaito, a cikin ma'auni na nauyin nauyin nauyin θ2, juyawar siginar U2, bambancin lokaci da aka auna shine θ2'= 180 ° - θ2, kusurwar wutar lantarki θ = 180 ° - ( θ1 + θ2'), wanda ke canza adadi biyu daga ragi na lokaci zuwa ƙari. An nuna zanen adadin lokaci a siffa 4.
Hoto 4 Ka'idar hanyar ƙara lokaci don ƙididdige bambancin lokaci
Wata ingantacciyar hanyar ba ta yin amfani da rabon siginar siginar lantarki na rectangular rectangular, amma yi amfani da microcomputer don yin rikodin yanayin siginar lokaci guda, bi da bi, ta hanyar shigar da bayanai, yin rikodin wutar lantarki mara nauyi da siginar na'ura mai juyi U0, E0, haka kuma Wutar wutar lantarki da na'ura mai juyi matsayi rectangular waveform sigina U1, E1, sa'an nan matsar da waveforms na rikodi guda biyu dangane da juna har sai waveforms na sigina na rectangular rectangular waveform na wutan lantarki gaba ɗaya sun mamaye gaba ɗaya, lokacin da bambancin lokaci tsakanin rotor biyu Bambancin lokaci tsakanin siginonin matsayi na rotor guda biyu shine kusurwar wutar lantarki; ko matsar da siginar siginar na'ura mai juyi guda biyu daidai gwargwado, to, bambancin lokaci tsakanin siginar wutar lantarki guda biyu shine kusurwar wutar lantarki.
Ya kamata a nuna cewa ainihin ba-load aiki na m magnet synchronous motor, da ikon kwana ba sifili, musamman ga kananan Motors, saboda babu-load aiki na babu-load asarar (ciki har da stator jan karfe asarar, baƙin ƙarfe asarar, asarar inji, asarar da ba ta dace ba) yana da girman gaske, idan kuna tunanin cewa kusurwar sifili mara nauyi, zai haifar da babban kuskure a cikin ma'aunin wutar lantarki, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don sanya motar DC ta gudana a cikin jihar. na mota, jagorar sitiyari da gwajin injin gwajin daidai gwargwado, tare da sitiyarin motar DC, injin DC na iya gudana akan wannan jiha, kuma ana iya amfani da injin DC azaman injin gwaji. Wannan na iya sa motar DC ta yi aiki a cikin yanayin motar, tuƙi da gwajin gwajin gwajin daidai da injin DC don samar da duk asarar raƙuman injin gwajin (ciki har da asarar ƙarfe, asarar inji, asarar ɓata, da dai sauransu). Hanyar shari'a ita ce ƙarfin shigar da motar gwajin daidai yake da amfani da stator jan ƙarfe, wato, P1 = pCu, da ƙarfin lantarki da na yanzu a cikin lokaci. Wannan lokacin da aka auna θ1 yayi daidai da kusurwar wutar lantarki na sifili.
Takaitacciyar: fa'idodin wannan hanyar:
① Hanyar ɗaukar nauyi na kai tsaye na iya auna inductance jikewa na jikewa a ƙarƙashin jihohi daban-daban, kuma baya buƙatar dabarun sarrafawa, wanda ke da hankali da sauƙi.
Saboda ana yin ma'auni kai tsaye a ƙarƙashin kaya, ana iya la'akari da tasirin jikewa da tasirin demagnetization na yanzu akan sigogin inductance.
Rashin amfanin wannan hanyar:
① Hanyar ɗaukar nauyi ta kai tsaye tana buƙatar auna ƙarin adadi a lokaci guda (nau'in wutar lantarki guda uku, halin yanzu na lokaci uku, kusurwar wutar lantarki, da dai sauransu), ma'auni na kusurwar wutar lantarki ya fi wahala, da daidaiton gwajin gwajin. kowane adadi yana da tasiri kai tsaye akan daidaiton lissafin siga, kuma kowane nau'in kurakurai a cikin gwajin sigina suna da sauƙin tarawa. Sabili da haka, lokacin amfani da hanyar ɗaukar nauyin kai tsaye don auna ma'auni, ya kamata a biya hankali ga nazarin kuskuren, kuma zaɓi mafi girman daidaito na kayan gwajin.
② Darajar ƙarfin kuzarin motsa jiki E0 a cikin wannan hanyar aunawa ana maye gurbinsa kai tsaye da wutar lantarki ta tashar mota ba tare da wani kaya ba, kuma wannan ƙima yana kawo kurakurai na asali. Domin, wurin aiki na maganadisu na dindindin yana canzawa tare da kaya, wanda ke nufin cewa a magudanar ruwa daban-daban, daɗaɗɗen daɗaɗɗen maganadisu na dindindin sun bambanta, don haka sakamakon kuzarin kuzarin lantarki shima ya bambanta. Ta wannan hanyar, ba daidai ba ne don maye gurbin ƙarfin motsa jiki na motsa jiki a ƙarƙashin yanayin kaya tare da ƙarfin motsa jiki ba tare da wani nauyi ba.
Magana
[1] Tang Renyuan et al. Ka'idar injin maganadisu na dindindin na zamani da ƙira. Beijing: Masana'antar Injiniya. Maris 2011
[2] JF Gieras, M. Wing. Fasahar Motar Magnet Dindindin, Zane da Aikace-aikace, ed na biyu. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2002:170-171
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Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-18-2024