Mai sauya juzu'i wata fasaha ce da yakamata a ƙware lokacin yin aikin lantarki. Yin amfani da mai sauya mitar don sarrafa mota hanya ce ta gama gari a cikin sarrafa wutar lantarki; wasu kuma suna buƙatar ƙwarewa wajen amfani da su.
1.Na farko, me yasa amfani da mitar mai canzawa don sarrafa mota?
Motar kayan aiki ce mai haɓakawa, wanda ke hana canjin halin yanzu kuma zai haifar da babban canji a halin yanzu lokacin farawa.
Inverter shine na'urar sarrafa makamashin lantarki wanda ke amfani da aikin kashewa na na'urorin semiconductor don canza wutar lantarki ta mitar masana'antu zuwa wani mitar. Yana da akasarin hada da da'irori biyu, daya shi ne babban da'irar (rectifier module, electrolytic capacitor da inverter module), da kuma sauran shi ne iko kewaye (canja wutar lantarki allon, kula da kewaye).
Domin rage lokacin farawa na motar, musamman ma motar da ke da iko mafi girma, mafi girma da iko, mafi girma na farawa. Ƙarfin farawa mai yawa zai kawo nauyi mai yawa ga samar da wutar lantarki da cibiyar sadarwa. Mai sauya mitar zai iya magance wannan matsalar farawa kuma ya ba da damar motar ta fara sumul ba tare da haifar da yawan lokacin farawa ba.
Wani aiki na yin amfani da mitar mai juyawa shine daidaita saurin motar. A lokuta da yawa, ya zama dole don sarrafa saurin motar don samun ingantaccen samarwa, kuma ka'idojin saurin sauya mitar ya kasance babban abin haskakawa koyaushe. Mai sauya mitar yana sarrafa saurin motar ta hanyar canza mitar wutar lantarki.
2.What are inverter iko hanyoyin?
Hanyoyi biyar da aka fi amfani da su na inverter control motors sune kamar haka:
A. Hanyar sarrafa Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM).
Halayensa sune tsarin kewayawa mai sauƙin sarrafawa, ƙarancin farashi, taurin inji mai kyau, kuma suna iya saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin saurin saurin watsawa gabaɗaya. An yi amfani da shi sosai a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu.
Duk da haka, a ƙananan mitoci, saboda ƙananan ƙarfin fitarwa, ƙarfin juriya yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar juriya na juriya na stator, wanda ya rage iyakar ƙarfin fitarwa.
Bugu da ƙari, halayen injinsa ba su da ƙarfi kamar na injinan DC, kuma ƙarfin jujjuyawar ƙarfinsa da ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idojin saurin sauri ba su gamsarwa. Bugu da ƙari, aikin tsarin ba shi da girma, tsarin sarrafawa yana canzawa tare da kaya, amsawar juyi yana jinkirin, yawan amfani da wutar lantarki ba shi da yawa, kuma aikin yana raguwa a ƙananan gudu saboda kasancewar stator juriya da inverter mutu. tasirin yankin, kuma kwanciyar hankali ta lalace. Don haka, mutane sun yi nazarin ka'idojin saurin mitar mai canzawa.
B. Hanyar Sarrafa Wutar Lantarki (SVPWM).
Ya dogara ne akan sakamakon gabaɗayan ƙarni na nau'in igiyar ruwa mai hawa uku, tare da manufar gabatowa madaidaicin yanayin madauwari mai jujjuyawar filin maganadisu na ratar iska, samar da nau'ikan motsin motsi na zamani guda uku a lokaci guda, da sarrafa shi ta hanya. na rufaffiyar polygon da ke kusa da da'irar.
Bayan amfani da aiki, an inganta shi, wato, gabatar da ramuwa na mita don kawar da kuskuren sarrafa saurin gudu; kimanta girman juzu'i ta hanyar amsawa don kawar da tasirin juriya na stator a ƙananan gudu; rufe ƙarfin fitarwa da madauki na yanzu don haɓaka daidaito mai ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali. Koyaya, akwai hanyoyin haɗin da'irar sarrafawa da yawa, kuma ba a gabatar da daidaitawar wutar lantarki ba, don haka ba a inganta aikin tsarin ba.
C. Hanyar sarrafa Vector (VC).
Mahimmancin shine sanya injin AC yayi daidai da motar DC, kuma yana sarrafa saurin gudu da filin maganadisu da kansa. Ta hanyar sarrafa juzu'in rotor, ƙarfin halin yanzu yana lalacewa don samun juzu'i da abubuwan haɗin filin maganadisu, kuma ana amfani da canjin haɗin gwiwar don cimma ikon sarrafawa na orthogonal ko yankewa. Gabatar da hanyar sarrafa vector yana da mahimmancin yin zamani. Koyaya, a cikin aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen, tunda juzu'in jujjuyawar yana da wahalar kiyayewa daidai, sifofin tsarin suna da tasiri sosai ta sigogin injin, kuma juzu'in jujjuyawar jujjuyawar da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin tsarin sarrafa motar DC daidai yake yana da rikitarwa, yana mai da wahala ga ainihin. tasirin sarrafawa don cimma kyakkyawan sakamakon bincike.
D. Hanyar Gudanar da Wuta ta Kai tsaye (DTC).
A cikin 1985, Farfesa DePenbrock na Jami'ar Ruhr a Jamus ya fara ba da shawarar fasahar sarrafa mitar wutar lantarki kai tsaye. Wannan fasaha ta magance gazawar da aka ambata a sama na sarrafa vector, kuma an haɓaka ta da sauri tare da ra'ayoyin sarrafa sabon labari, ƙayyadaddun tsarin tsarin tsari, da kyakkyawan aiki mai ƙarfi da tsayin daka.
A halin yanzu, an yi nasarar amfani da wannan fasaha ta hanyar isar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi ta AC na motocin lantarki. Gudanar da juzu'i kai tsaye yana nazarin ƙirar lissafi na injin AC a cikin tsarin daidaitawa na stator kuma yana sarrafa motsin maganadisu da jujjuyawar injin. Ba ya buƙatar daidaita injin AC zuwa injin DC, don haka kawar da ƙididdiga masu yawa a cikin jujjuyawar juzu'i; ba ya buƙatar kwaikwayi ikon sarrafa injinan DC, kuma baya buƙatar sauƙaƙa ƙirar lissafi na injin AC don lalatawa.
E. Matrix AC-AC hanyar sarrafawa
Canjin mitar VVVF, jujjuyawar mitar sarrafa vector, da jujjuyawar mitar mitar kai tsaye duk nau'ikan juzu'in mitar AC-DC-AC ne. Lalacewar su na gama gari shine ƙarancin ƙarfin shigar da bayanai, babban halin yanzu jituwa, babban ƙarfin ajiyar makamashi da ake buƙata don kewayen DC, kuma ba za a iya sake dawo da makamashin wutar lantarki zuwa grid ɗin wuta ba, wato, ba zai iya aiki cikin quadrants huɗu ba.
Saboda wannan dalili, matrix AC-AC juyawa mitar ya zama. Tunda canjin mitar AC-AC na matrix yana kawar da madaidaicin hanyar DC, yana kawar da babban ƙarfin lantarki mai tsada da tsada. Zai iya cimma ma'aunin wutar lantarki na 1, shigarwar sinusoidal na yanzu kuma yana iya aiki a cikin hudu hudu, kuma tsarin yana da babban ƙarfin iko. Duk da cewa wannan fasaha ba ta balaga ba, har yanzu tana jan hankalin masana da yawa don gudanar da zurfafa bincike. Asalin sa ba don sarrafa halin yanzu ba a kaikaice, magnetic flux da sauran adadi, amma don amfani da karfin juyi kai tsaye azaman adadin da aka sarrafa don cimma shi.
3.Ta yaya mitar mai canzawa ke sarrafa motar? Yaya ake haɗa wayoyi biyu tare?
Wayar da inverter don sarrafa motar abu ne mai sauƙi, kama da na'urar sadarwa ta hanyar sadarwa, tare da manyan layukan wutar lantarki guda uku suna shiga sannan kuma suna fita zuwa motar, amma saitunan sun fi rikitarwa, kuma hanyoyin da za a sarrafa inverter suna da yawa. daban.
Da farko dai, ga madawwami, kodayake akwai hanyoyi da yawa da keɓawa wurare da yawa, tashoshin wuraren shakatawa na yawancin masu shiga ba su da bambanci sosai. Gabaɗaya an raba shi zuwa gaba da baya bayanan shigarwa, ana amfani da su don sarrafa gaba da juyawa farkon motar. Ana amfani da tashoshi na martani don mayar da martani ga matsayin aiki na motar,gami da mitar aiki, saurin aiki, matsayin kuskure, da sauransu.
Don sarrafa saitin saurin gudu, wasu masu sauya mitar suna amfani da potentiometers, wasu suna amfani da maɓalli kai tsaye, duk ana sarrafa su ta hanyar wayoyi ta zahiri. Wata hanya kuma ita ce amfani da hanyar sadarwar sadarwa. Yawancin masu sauya mitoci yanzu suna goyan bayan sarrafa sadarwa. Ana iya amfani da layin sadarwa don sarrafa farawa da tsayawa, gaba da jujjuyawar juyawa, daidaita saurin gudu, da dai sauransu na motar. A lokaci guda kuma, ana kuma watsa bayanan martani ta hanyar sadarwa.
4.What ya faru da karfin fitarwa na mota lokacin da saurin jujjuyawar sa (mita) ya canza?
Matsakaicin farawa da matsakaicin juzu'in lokacin da mai sauya mitar ke motsa su sun yi ƙasa da lokacin da wutar lantarki ke tuƙa ta kai tsaye.
Motar tana da babban tasiri na farawa da haɓakawa lokacin da wutar lantarki ke ba da ƙarfi, amma waɗannan tasirin suna da rauni lokacin da mai sauya mitar ke aiki. Farawa kai tsaye tare da wutar lantarki zai haifar da babban lokacin farawa. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da mai sauya mitar, ƙarfin fitarwa da mita na mai sauya mitar ana ƙara su a hankali a cikin motar, don haka motar da ke farawa a halin yanzu da tasiri sun fi ƙanƙanta. Yawancin lokaci, ƙarfin da motar ta haifar yana raguwa yayin da mitar ke raguwa (gudun yana raguwa). Za a bayyana ainihin bayanan ragewa a wasu littattafan mai sauya mitar.
An ƙera motar da aka saba kera kuma an kera ta don ƙarfin lantarki na 50Hz, kuma ana ba da ƙimar ƙarfin ƙarfinsa a cikin wannan kewayon ƙarfin lantarki. Don haka, tsarin saurin da ke ƙasa da mitar da aka ƙididdige ana kiransa tsarin saurin juzu'i na akai-akai. (T=Te, P<=Pe)
Lokacin da mitar fitarwa na mai sauya mitar ya fi 50Hz, karfin juzu'in da injin ke haifarwa yana raguwa a cikin madaidaicin alakar da ta yi daidai da mitar.
Lokacin da motar ke gudana a mitar fiye da 50Hz, dole ne a yi la'akari da girman nauyin motar don hana ƙarancin fitarwar motar.
Misali, karfin karfin da injin ke samarwa a 100Hz yana raguwa zuwa kusan 1/2 na karfin karfin da aka samar a 50Hz.
Don haka, ƙa'idar saurin da ke sama da mitar da aka ƙididdige ana kiranta tsarin saurin wutar lantarki akai-akai. (P=Ue*Ie).
5.Application na mitar Converter sama da 50Hz
Ga takamaiman injin, ƙarfin lantarki da aka ƙididdige shi da ƙimar halin yanzu akai akai.
Misali, idan rated dabi'u na inverter da mota ne duka: 15kW/380V/30A, da mota iya aiki sama da 50Hz.
Lokacin da saurin ya kasance 50Hz, ƙarfin fitarwa na inverter shine 380V kuma na yanzu shine 30A. A wannan lokacin, idan mitar fitarwa ta ƙaru zuwa 60Hz, matsakaicin ƙarfin fitarwa da na yanzu na inverter zai iya zama 380V/30A kawai. Babu shakka, ikon fitarwa ya kasance baya canzawa, don haka muna kiransa tsarin saurin wutar lantarki akai-akai.
Yaya karfin wutar lantarki yake a wannan lokacin?
Saboda P = wT (w; saurin angular, T: juzu'i), tun da P ya kasance baya canzawa kuma w yana ƙaruwa, juzu'in zai ragu daidai.
Za mu iya kuma duba shi ta wani kusurwa:
Wutar lantarki ta motar ita ce U=E+I*R (Ni a halin yanzu, R juriya ce ta lantarki, kuma E yana iya jawowa).
Ana iya ganin cewa lokacin da U da ni ba mu canza ba, E kuma baya canzawa.
Kuma E = k * f * X (k: akai-akai; f: mita; X: magnetic flux), don haka lokacin da f ya canza daga 50-> 60Hz, X zai ragu daidai.
Don motar, T = K * I * X (K: akai-akai; I: halin yanzu; X: karfin maganadisu), don haka karfin T zai ragu yayin da magnetic flux X ya ragu.
A lokaci guda, lokacin da bai wuce 50Hz ba, tun da I * R yana da ƙanƙanta, lokacin da U/f=E/f ba ya canzawa, magnetic flux (X) ya kasance akai-akai. Torque T yayi daidai da na yanzu. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yawancin inverter ana amfani da ƙarfin da ya wuce kima don bayyana ƙarfinsa (ƙarfin ƙarfi), kuma ana kiran shi tsarin saurin jujjuyawa akai-akai (ƙididdigar halin yanzu ba ya canzawa -> madaidaicin juzu'i ya kasance baya canzawa)
Kammalawa: Lokacin da yawan fitarwa na inverter ya karu daga sama da 50Hz, ƙarfin fitarwa na motar zai ragu.
6.Sauran abubuwan da suka danganci karfin fitarwa
Ƙarfafawar zafi da ƙarfin zafi yana ƙayyade ƙarfin fitarwa na yanzu na inverter, don haka yana rinjayar ƙarfin fitarwa na inverter.
1. Mitar mai ɗaukar kaya: Ƙimar halin yanzu da aka yiwa alama akan inverter shine gabaɗaya ƙimar da zata iya tabbatar da ci gaba da fitarwa a mafi girman mitar mai ɗauka da mafi girman yanayin yanayi. Rage mitar mai ɗauka ba zai shafi halin yanzu na motar ba. Duk da haka, za a rage yawan samar da zafi na abubuwan da aka gyara.
2. Zazzabi na yanayi: Kamar dai ƙimar kariyar inverter na yanzu ba za a ƙara ba lokacin da aka gano yanayin yanayin ya zama ƙasa kaɗan.
3. Altitude: Haɓakawa a cikin tsayi yana da tasiri akan zubar da zafi da aikin haɓakawa. Gabaɗaya, ana iya yin watsi da shi ƙasa da 1000m, kuma ana iya rage ƙarfin da 5% ga kowane mita 1000 a sama.
7.What is the dace mita ga mitar Converter sarrafa mota?
A cikin taƙaitaccen bayanin da ke sama, mun koyi dalilin da yasa ake amfani da inverter don sarrafa motar, kuma mun fahimci yadda inverter ke sarrafa motar. Inverter yana sarrafa motar, wanda za'a iya taƙaita shi kamar haka:
Na farko, mai inverter yana sarrafa wutar lantarki ta farawa da mita na motar don cimma farawa mai santsi da tsayawa mai santsi;
Na biyu, ana amfani da inverter don daidaita saurin motar, kuma ana daidaita saurin motar ta hanyar canza mita.
Motar magnet ɗin dindindin ta Anhui Mingtengana sarrafa samfuran ta hanyar inverter. A cikin kewayon kaya na 25% -120%, suna da inganci mafi girma da kewayon aiki fiye da injinan asynchronous na ƙayyadaddun bayanai iri ɗaya, kuma suna da tasirin ceton kuzari.
ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrunmu za su zaɓi inverter mafi dacewa bisa ga ƙayyadaddun yanayin aiki da ainihin bukatun abokan ciniki don cimma mafi kyawun sarrafa motar da haɓaka aikin injin. Bugu da kari, sashen sabis ɗin mu na fasaha na iya jagorantar abokan ciniki nesa ba kusa ba don shigarwa da kuma cire injin inverter, da kuma aiwatar da bin diddigin gabaɗaya da sabis kafin da bayan tallace-tallace.
Haƙƙin mallaka: Wannan labarin sake bugawa ne na lambar jama'a ta WeChat " horon fasaha ", hanyar haɗin asali https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/eLgSvyLFTtslLF-m6wXMtA
Wannan labarin baya wakiltar ra'ayoyin kamfaninmu. Idan kuna da ra'ayi daban-daban ko ra'ayi, don Allah a gyara mana!
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-09-2024